الموسوعة العربية للأمراض النباتية والفطريات Arabic Encyclopedia of Plant Pathology & Fungi ( A h-k))

 

Dr.Mohammed Al-Hamdany

 الموسوعة العربية للأمراض النباتية والفطريات Arabic Encyclopedia of Plant Pathology & Fungi ( A h-k)

Agrochemicals and Pesticide Desk Ref CRC

Agrochemicals and Pesticide Desk Ref CRC

Agrochemicals and Pesticide Desk Ref CRC

Bio-pesticides produced at Kenya Biologics

Biocontrol Biopesticides - Trichoderma (Hindi) - NIPHM

Trichoderma species

TRICHODERMA

Trichoderma Production

TRICHODERMA

Trichoderma

Septoria Leaf Blotch of Wheat

Barley Leaf Spots

الاسس العلمية لكتابة الرسائل الجامعية

الاسس العلمية لكتابة الرسائل الجامعية

الاسس العلمية لكتابة الرسائل الجامعية

30 ظاهرة خارقة حيرت العلماء

30 ظاهرة خارقة حيرت العلماء

30 ظاهرة خارقة حيرت العلماء

الجغرافيا العملية وقراءة الخرائط

الجغرافيا العملية وقراءة الخرائط

الجغرافيا العملية وقراءة الخرائط

الجغرافيا النباتية

الجغرافيا النباتية

الجغرافيا النباتية

ppm - parts per million

• What is ppm?
  • ppmw
  • ppmv
• Parts-per notations
• Chemical concentration
  • CO₂ concentration in ppm
• Frequency stability
• Decimal, percent, permille, ppm, ppb, ppt conversion calculator
• mg per liter to ppm conversion calculator
• ppm conversions
  • How to convert ppm to decimal fraction
  • How to convert decimal fraction to ppm
  • How to convert percent to ppm
  • How to convert ppm to percent
  • How to convert ppb to ppm
  • How to convert ppm to ppb
  • How to convert milligrams/liter to ppm
  • How to convert grams/liter to ppm
  • How to convert moles/liter to ppm
  • How to convert ppm to Hz
• ppm to percent, ppb, ppt, ratio conversion table

What is ppm?

ppm is an abbreviation of parts per million. ppm is a value that represents the part of a whole number in units of 1/1000000.

ppm is dimensionless quantity, a ratio of 2 quantities of the same unit. For example: mg/kg.

One ppm is equal to 1/1000000 of the whole:

1ppm = 1/1000000 = 0.000001 = 1×10^-6

One ppm is equal to 0.0001%:

1ppm = 0.0001%

ppmw

ppmw is an abbreviation of parts per million weight, a subunit of ppm that is used for part of weights like milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg).

ppmv

ppmv is an abbreviation of parts per million volume, a subunit of ppm that is used for part of volumes like milliliters per cubic meter (ml/m³).

Parts-per notations

Other part-per notations are written here:

Chemical concentration

ppm is used to measure chemical concentration, usually in a solution of water.

Solute concentration of 1 ppm is solute concentration of 1/1000000 of the solution.

The concentration C in ppm is calculated from the solute mass m_solute in milligrams and the solution mass m_solution in milligrams .

C_(ppm) = 1000000 × m_solute / (m_solution + m_solute)

Usually the solute mass m_solute is much smaller than the solution mass m_solution.

m_solute ≪ m_solution

Then the concentration C in ppm is equal to 1000000 times the solute mass m_solute in milligrams (mg) divided by the solution mass m_solution in milligrams (mg):

C_(ppm) = 1000000 × m_{solute (mg)} / m_{solution (mg)}

The concentration C in ppm is also equal to the solute mass m_solute in milligrams (mg) divided by the solution mass m_solution in kilograms (kg):

C_(ppm) = m_{solute (mg)} / m_{solution (kg)}

When the solution is water, the volume of mass of one kilogram is approximately one liter.

The concentration C in ppm is also equal to the solute mass m_solute in milligrams (mg) divided by the water solution volume V_solution in liters (l):

C_(ppm) = m_{solute (mg)} / V_{solution (l)}

 

Concentration of CO₂

The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere is about 388ppm.

Frequency stability

The frequency stability of an electronic oscillator component can be measured in ppm.

The maximal frequency variation Δf, divided by the frequency f is equal to the frequency stability

Δf_(Hz) / f_(Hz) = FS_(ppm) / 1000000

 

Example

Oscillator with frequency of 32MHz and accuracy of ±200ppm, has frequency accuracy of

Δf_(Hz) = ±200ppm × 32MHz / 1000000 = ±6.4kHz

So the oscillator produces clock signal within the range of 32MHz±6.4kHz.

The supplied frequency variation is caused from temperature change, aging, supply voltage and load changes.

Decimal, percent, permille, ppm, ppb, ppt conversion calculator

Enter proportion part in one of the text boxes and press the Convert button:

Moles per liter (mol/L) to milligarms per liter (mg/L) to ppm conversion calculator

Water solution, molar concentration (molarity) to milligrams per liter to parts per million (ppm) converter.

PPM conversions

How to convert ppm to decimal fraction

The part P in decimal is equal to the part P in ppm divided by 1000000:

P_(decimal) = P_(ppm) / 1000000

Example

Find the decimal fraction of 300ppm:

P_(decimal) = 300ppm / 1000000 = 0.0003

How to convert decimal fraction to ppm

The part P in ppm is equal to the part P in decimal times 1000000:

P_(ppm) = P_(decimal) × 1000000

Example

Find how many ppm are in 0.0034:

P_(ppm) = 0.0034 × 1000000 = 3400ppm

How to convert ppm to percent

The part P in percent (%) is equal to the part P in ppm divided by 10000:

P_(%) = P_(ppm) / 10000

Example

Find how many percent are in 6ppm:

P_(%) = 6ppm / 10000 = 0.0006%

How to convert percent to ppm

The part P in ppm is equal to the part P in percent (%) times 10000:

P_(ppm) = P_(%) × 10000

Example

Find how many ppm are in 6%:

P_(ppm) = 6% × 10000 = 60000ppm

How to convert ppb to ppm

The part P in ppm is equal to the part P in ppb divided by 1000:

P_(ppm) = P_(ppb) / 1000

Example

Find how many ppm are in 6ppb:

P_(ppm) = 6ppb / 1000 = 0.006ppm

How to convert ppm to ppb

The part P in ppb is equal to the part P in ppm times 1000:

P_(ppb) = P_(ppm) × 1000

Example

Find how many ppb are in 6ppm:

P_(ppb) = 6ppm × 1000 = 6000ppb

How to convert milligrams/liter to ppm

The concentration C in parts-per million (ppm) is equal to the concentration C in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) and equal to 1000 times the concentration C in milligrams per liter (mg/L), divided by the solution density ρ in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³):

C_(ppm) = C_(mg/kg) = 1000 × C_(mg/L) / ρ_(kg/m3₎

In water solution, the concentration C in parts-per million (ppm) is equal to 1000 times the concentration C in milligrams per liter (mg/L) divided by the water solution density at temperature of 20ºC, 998.2071 in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³) and approximately equal to the concentration C in milligrams per liter (mg/L):

C_(ppm) = 1000 × C_(mg/L) / 998.2071_(kg/m3₎ ≈ 1_(L/kg) × C_(mg/L)

How to convert grams/liter to ppm

The concentration C in parts-per million (ppm) is equal to 1000 times the concentration C in grams per kilogram (g/kg) and equal to 1000000 times the concentration C in grams per liter (g/L), divided by the solution density ρ in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³):

C_(ppm) = 1000 × C_(g/kg) = 10⁶ × C_(g/L) / ρ_(kg/m3₎

In water solution, the concentration C in parts-per million (ppm) is equal to 1000 times the concentration C in grams per kilogram (g/kg) and equal to 1000000 times the concentration C in grams per liter (g/L), divided by the water solution density at temperature of 20ºC 998.2071 in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³) and approximately equal to 1000 times the concentration C in milligrams per liter (mg/L):

C_(ppm) = 1000 × C_(g/kg) = 10⁶ × C_(g/L) / 998.2071_(kg/m3₎ ≈ 1000 × C_(g/L)

How to convert moles/liter to ppm

The concentration C in parts-per million (ppm) is equal to the concentration C in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) and equal to 1000000 times the molar concentration (molarity) c in moles per liter (mol/L), times the solute molar mass in grams per mole (g/mol), divided by the solution density ρ in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³):

C_(ppm) = C_(mg/kg) = 10⁶ × c_(mol/L) × M_(g/mol) / ρ_(kg/m3₎

In water solution, the concentration C in parts-per million (ppm) is equal to the concentration C in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) and equal to 1000000 times the molar concentration (molarity) c in moles per liter (mol/L), times the solute molar mass in grams per mole (g/mol), divided by the water solution density at temperature of 20ºC 998.2071 in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³):

C_(ppm) = C_(mg/kg) = 10⁶ × c_(mol/L) × M_(g/mol) / 998.2071_(kg/m3₎ ≈ 1000 × c_(mol/L) × M_(g/mol)

How to convert ppm to Hz

The frequency variation in hertz (Hz) is equal to the frequency stability FS in ppm times the frequency in hertz (Hz) divided by 1000000:

Δf_(Hz) = ± FS_(ppm) × f_(Hz) / 1000000

Example

Oscillator with frequency of 32MHz and accuracy of ±200ppm, has frequency accu0racy of

Δf_(Hz) = ±200ppm × 32MHz / 1000000 = ±6.4kHz

So the oscillator produces clock signal within the range of 32MHz±6.4kHz.

ppm to ratio, percent, ppb, ppt conversion table

المصدر

المصدر

Name	Notation	Coefficient
Percent	%	10-2
Per-mille	‰	10-3
Parts per million	ppm	10-6
Parts per billion	ppb	10-9
Parts per trillion	ppt	10-12
	Enter decimal:
	Enter percent:		%
	Enter permille:		‰
	Enter ppm:		ppm
	Enter ppb:		ppb
	Enter ppt:		ppt
	Enter molar concentration (molarity):	c(mol/L)	=		mol/L
	Enter solute molar mass:	M(g/mol)	=		g/mol
	Enter milligrams per liter:	C(mg/L)	=		mg/L
	Enter water temperature:	T(ºC)	=		ºC
	Enter parts per million:	C(mg/kg)	=		ppm
Parts-per million (ppm)	Coefficient  /  Ratio	Percent (%)	Parts per billion (ppb)	Parts per trillion (ppt)
1 ppm	1×10-6	0.0001%	1000 ppb	1×106 ppt
2 ppm	2×10-6	0.0002%	2000 ppb	2×106 ppt
3 ppm	3×10-6	0.0003%	3000 ppb	3×106 ppt
4 ppm	4×10-6	0.0005%	4000 ppb	4×106 ppt
5 ppm	5×10-6	0.0005%	5000 ppb	5×106 ppt
6 ppm	6×10-6	0.0006%	6000 ppb	6×106 ppt
7 ppm	7×10-6	0.0007%	7000 ppb	7×106 ppt
8 ppm	8×10-6	0.0008%	8000 ppb	8×106 ppt
9 ppm	9×10-6	0.0009%	9000 ppb	9×106 ppt
10 ppm	1×10-5	0.0010%	10000 ppb	1×107 ppt
20 ppm	2×10-5	0.0020%	20000 ppb	2×107 ppt
30 ppm	3×10-5	0.0030%	30000 ppb	3×107 ppt
40 ppm	4×10-5	0.0040%	40000 ppb	4×107 ppt
50 ppm	5×10-5	0.0050%	50000 ppb	5×107 ppt
60 ppm	6×10-5	0.0060%	60000 ppb	6×107 ppt
70 ppm	7×10-5	0.0070%	70000 ppb	7×107 ppt
80 ppm	8×10-5	0.0080%	80000 ppb	8×107 ppt
90 ppm	9×10-5	0.0090%	90000 ppb	9×107 ppt
100 ppm	1×10-4	0.0100%	100000 ppb	01×108 ppt
200 ppm	2×10-4	0.0200%	200000 ppb	2×108 ppt
300 ppm	3×10-4	0.0300%	300000 ppb	3×108 ppt
400 ppm	4×10-4	0.0400%	400000 ppb	4×108 ppt
500 ppm	5×10-4	0.0500%	500000 ppb	5×108 ppt
1000 ppm	0.001	0.1000%	1×106 ppb	1×109 ppt
10000 ppm	0.010	1.0000%	1×107 ppb	1×1010 ppt
100000 ppm	0.100	10.0000%	1×108 ppb	1×1011 ppt
1000000 ppm	1.000	100.0000%	1×109 ppb	1×1012 ppt

Parts Per Million Conversions

PPM conversion values and serial dilutions 

 How to dilute and calculate ppm concentrations and percentage amounts.
How to convert ppm to Molarity and Molarity to ppm

 

 

PPM = parts per million

PPM is a term used in chemistry to denote a very, very low concentration of a solution. One gram in 1000 ml is 1000 ppm and one thousandth of a gram (0.001g) in 1000 ml is one ppm.

One thousanth of a gram is one milligram and 1000 ml is one liter, so that 1 ppm = 1 mg per liter = mg/Liter.
PPM is derived from the fact that the density of water is taken as 1kg/L = 1,000,000 mg/L, and 1mg/L is 1mg/1,000,000mg or one part in one million.

OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING UNITS

1 ppm = 1mg/l = 1ug /ml = 1000ug/L
ppm = ug/g =ug/ml = ng/mg = pg/ug = 10 ^-6
ppm = mg/litres of water

1 gram pure element disolved in 1000ml = 1000 ppm

PPB = Parts per billion = ug/L = ng/g = ng/ml = pg/mg = 10 ^-9

Making up 1000 ppm solutions

1. From the pure metal : weigh out accurately 1.000g of metal, dissolve in 1 : 1 conc. nitric or hydrochloric acid, and make up to the mark in 1 liter volume deionised water.

2. From a salt of the metal :
e.g. Make a 1000 ppm standard of Na using the salt NaCl.

FW of salt = 58.44g.
At. wt. of Na = 23
1g Na in relation to FW of salt = 58.44 / 23 = 2.542g.
Hence, weigh out 2.542g NaCl and dissolve in 1 liter volume to make a 1000 ppm Na standard.

3. From an acidic radical of the salt :
e.g. Make a 1000 ppm phosphate standard using the salt KH₂PO₄

FW of salt = 136.09
FW of radical PO₄ = 95
1g PO₄ in relation to FW of salt = 136.09 / 95 = 1.432g.
Hence, weigh out 1.432g KH₂PO₄ and dissolve in 1 liter volume to make a 1000 ppm PO₄ standard.
Click this link for Atomic absorption standards

Dilution Formula : C1V1 = C2V2

This equation applies to all dilution problems. C1 (initial conc) x V1 (initial volume) = C2 (final conc) x V2 (final volume)
Example : What volume of 6.00 ppm solution must be used to give 4.00 liters of a 0.100 ppm solution?
C1 = 6.00 ppm
V1 = unknown
C2 = 0.100 ppm
V2 = 4 liters = 4000 mls
V1 = (C2 x V2) / C1
     = (0.100 X 4000) / 6.00
     = 400 / 6.00 = 66.7 mls.
This means that 66.7 mls of the 6.00ppm solution diluted to a final volume of 4 liters will give a concentration of 0.100 ppm.


The Formula below can be used to calculate the the V1 component only.
req is the value you want.
req ppm x req vol
-------------------------- = no of mls for req vol
         stock

Example : Make up 50 mls vol of 25 ppm from 100 ppm standard.

25 x 50 / 100 = 12.5 mls. i.e. 12.5 mls of 100 ppm in 50 ml volume will give a 25 ppm solution

Serial dilutions

Making up 10^-1 M to 10^-5 M solutions from a 1M stock solution.

Pipette 10 ml of the 1M stock into a 100 ml volumetric flask and make up to the mark to give a 10^-1 M soln.
Now, pipette 10 ml of this 10^-1 M soln. into another 100 ml flask and make up to the mark to give a 10^-2 M soln.
Pipette again, 10 ml of this 10^-2 M soln. into yet another 100 ml flask and make up to mark to give a 10^-3 M soln.
Pipette a 10 ml of this 10^-3 M soln. into another 100 ml flask and make up to mark to give a 10^-4 M soln.
And from this 10^-4 M soln. pipette 10 ml into a 100 ml flask and make up to mark to give a final 10^-5 M solution.

Molarity to ppm

Convert molar concentration to grams per liter (Molarity x Atomic mass of solute), then convert to milligrams per liter (ppm) by multiplying by 1000.

e.g. What is the ppm concentration of calcium ion in 0.01M CaCO₃?

Molarity(M) x Atomic mass(At Wt) = grams per liter(g/l)
Atomic Mass (Wt.) of Ca = 40

0.01M x 40 =0.40 g/l
0.40g/l x 1000 = 400 mg/l = 400ppm

Note:
The FW of an ion species is equal to its concentration in ppm at 10^-3M. Fluoride has a FW of 19, hence a 10^-3M concentration is equal to 19ppm, 1M is equal to 19,000 ppm and 1ppm is equal to 5.2 x 10^-5M.
Go here for ISE molarity/ppm conversions shown in Table III.

PPM to Molarity

Convert ppm to gram based or milligram based concentration.

ppm = 1 mg solute per liter solution or
ppm = 0.001 gram per liter solution

e.g. What is the Molarity of 400ppm Ca ions in an aqueous CaCO3 solution?

Using the 0.001g/l concentration: 400ppm x 0.001g/l = 0.4g/l.
or, Divide 400 mg by 1000 to get g/l = 0.4 g/l
Now divide by the At. Mass of Ca to get Molarity.
0.4g/l divided by 40g/mol =0.01M

Using the mg/l concentration, the 40g Ca must be converted to milligrams by multiplying by 1000 to give 40,000mg.
Hence Molarity = 400ppm divided by 40,000mg/mol = 0.01M

Ppm (parts per million) to % (parts per hundred)

Divide the ppm amount by 1,000,000 and multiply by 100 to get %. e.g. :

1 ppm = 1/1,000,000 = 0.000001 = 0.0001%
10 ppm = 10/1,000,000 = 0.00001 = 0.001%
100 ppm = 100/1,000,000 = 0.0001 = 0.01%
200 ppn = 200/1,000,000 = 0.0002 = 0.02%
5000 ppm = 5000/1,000,000 = 0.005 = 0.5%
10,000 ppm = 10000/1,000,000 = 0.01 = 1.0%
20,000 ppm = 20000/1,000,000 = 0.02 = 2.0%

(Parts per hundred) % to ppm

Divide the % value by 100 and multiply by 1,000,000 to get ppm. e.g. :

1% =0.01 x 1,000,000 = 10,000 ppm
0.5% =0.0.005 x 1,000,000 = 5,000 ppm
0.1% =0.001 x 1,000,000 = 1,000 ppm
0.01% = 0.0001 x 1,000,000 = 100 ppm

 

المصدر

المصدر.

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تعرف على أعفان جذور أشجار «نخيل البلح» الفطرية.. وكيفية مقاومتها

تعرف على أعفان جذور أشجار «نخيل البلح» الفطرية.. وكيفية مقاومتها

 دكتور / خالد حسين عرفات

مرض أعفان جذور اشجار نخيل البلح الفطرية من الأمراض الشائعة والخطيرة التى تصيب جذور النخيل، و قد يؤدى إلى موت الفسائل بل والأشجار الكبيرة أيضا، ويحدثنا عن هذا المرض الدكتور خالد حسين عرفات أستاذ أمراض النبات بكلية زراعة الوادى الجديد فيقول:ـ
الأعراض المميزة والتشخيص الحقلى للمرض:
يسبب هذا المرض ظهور أعراض إصفرار على الجريد، وقد يؤدى الى موت فسائل وأشجار النخيل حيث يدخل الفطر عن طريق الجذور مما يؤدى الى تعفنها وموتها، وعادة ما يصعب تشخيص هذا المرض حيث يسبب فى الاطوار الأولى منه أعراضا شائعة لكثير من الاصابات المرضية، تتمثل فى اصفرار وموت السعف ونقص تدريجى فى النمو والانتاج. المسبب المرضى: تسبب أعفان جذور النخيل مجموعة كبيرة من الفطريات القاطنة فى التربة خاصة بعض الأنواع من الفطر Fusarium spp.
وكذلك الفطر Ceratocystis paradoxa الذى ينتشر فى الوجه البحرى نتيجة لتوفر الظروف البيئية الملائمة لانتشاره والطور الشائع هو الكونيدى paradoxa Thielaviopsis كما يسبب مرض أعفان جذور النخيل مجموعة من الفطريات الاخرى منها Rhizoctonia solani, Botryodiploida theobromae, Phytophthtora sp.
الظروف الملائمة لحدوث المرض: زيادة ماء الرى، وزيادة الملوحة فى التربة وماء الرى تؤدى الى زيادة نسبة وشدة الاصابة بأمراض أعفان الجذور، زراعة فسائل مصابة.، عدم معاملة الفسائل قبل زراعتها بالمبيدات الفطرية الجهازية. المكافحة المتكاملة للمرض:
* ازالة الاشجار والفسائل الميتة والمصابة وحرقها.
* عدم تكرار الزراعة فى الجور المصابة من قبل.
* يوصى بغمس الفسائل قبل زراعتها فى محلول المبيد كيمازد بمعدل 3 جم/ لتر ماء.
* يوصى برى الفسائل واشجار النخيل المصابة بمبيد التوبسين ام 70 او الكربندازيم او تشجارين بمعدل 60 جرام من المبيد تذاب فى 20 لتر ماء / لكل نخلة قبل الرى مباشرة.
* يتم الرش باحد المبيدات السابقة بتركيز 1 جم / لتر – ثلاث مرات وبين كل منها حوالى اسبوعين.
* العناية بالتسميد العضوى والكيماوى باستخدام السماد المركب وخاصة الذى يحتوى على العناصر الصغرى الهامة لتقوية الاشجار.
* عند اصابة جذور النخيل بفطر الفيتوفثورا Phytophthtora فانه ينصح بغمر التربة حول الاشجار بمحلول من مبيد الاليت بمعدل 20 جم / 20 لتر ماء / شجرة.
* فى حالة الاصابة بفطر الريزوكتونيا سولانى Rhizoctonia solani تعامل التربة بمبيد مون كت بمعدل 60 جم / 20 لتر/ لكل شجرة تربة غمر حول الاشجار.
* عند الاصابة بفطريات Fusarium spp. تعامل التربة ثلاث مرات بمبيد كربندازيم بمعدل 3 جم/ لتر ماء او بمبيد بلتانول بمعدل 2 سم3/ لتر ماء تربة وتكرر المعاملة كل اسبوعين.

المصدر:
تعرف على أعفان جذور أشجار «نخيل البلح» الفطرية.. وكيفية مقاومتها 

مشروع نقل تقانة المكافحة الحيوية كعنصر اساسى فى الادارة المتكاملة للآفات لمكافحة حشرة سوسة النخيل الحمراء فى الشرق الأوسط

مشروع نقل تقانة المكافحة الحيوية كعنصر اساسى فى الادارة المتكاملة للآفات لمكافحة حشرة سوسة النخيل الحمراء فى الشرق الأوسط

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مشروع نقل تقانة المكافحة الحيوية كعنصر اساسى فى الادارة المتكاملة للآفات لمكافحة حشرة سوسة النخيل الحمراء فى الشرق الأوسط

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تقرير تقييم المشروع الاقليمى البحثى للكشف المبكر عن مرض البيوض على النخيل وتطوير تقانات مكافحته

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 تصميم وتحليل التجارب

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الدورة التدريبية المتخصصة فى مجال معايير الرقابة وضبط الجودة على المنتجات النباتية والحيوانية

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الدورة التدريبية القومية فى مجال تقانات انتاج اشتال العنب الخالية من الامراض الفيروسية

PCR for Clinical Microbiology

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PCR for Clinical Microbiology

Early, Rapid and Sensitive Veterinary Molecular Diagnostics - Real Time PCR Applications

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Early, Rapid and Sensitive Veterinary Molecular Diagnostics - Real Time PCR Applications

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Differential-Display Reverse Transcription-PCR DDRT-PCR

Rapid Cycle Real-Time PCR

Rapid Cycle Real-Time PCR

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Rapid Cycle Real-Time PCR

Rapid Cycle Real-Time peR - Methods and Applications Genetics and Oncology

Rapid Cycle Real-Time peR - Methods and Applications Genetics and Oncology

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Rapid Cycle Real-Time peR - Methods and Applications Genetics and Oncology

HPLC of Polymers

HPLC of Polymers

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HPLC of Polymers

Rapid Cycle Real-Time PCR - Methods and Applications Microbiology and Food Analysis

Rapid Cycle Real-Time PCR - Methods and Applications Microbiology and Food AnalysisDOWNLOAD
 Rapid Cycle Real-Time PCR - Methods and Applications Microbiology and Food Analysis

Rapid Cycle Real-Time PCR - Methods and Applications Quantification

Rapid Cycle Real-Time PCR - Methods and Applications Quantification

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Rapid Cycle Real-Time PCR - Methods and Applications Quantification

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC PCR HANDBOOK

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC PCR HANDBOOK

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MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC PCR HANDBOOK

Fingerprinting Methods Based on Arbitrarily Primed PCR

Fingerprinting Methods Based on Arbitrarily Primed PCR

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Fingerprinting Methods Based on Arbitrarily Primed PCR

Principles and Technical Aspects of PCR Amplification

Principles and Technical Aspects of PCR Amplification

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Principles and Technical Aspects of PCR Amplification

Molecular Diversity and PCR-detection of Toxigenic Fusarium Species and Ochratoxigenic Fungi

Molecular Diversity and PCR-detection of Toxigenic Fusarium Species and Ochratoxigenic Fungi

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Molecular Diversity and PCR-detection of Toxigenic Fusarium Species and Ochratoxigenic Fungi

PCR METHODS IN FOODS

PCR METHODS IN FOODS

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PCR METHODS IN FOODS

Plant Pathologists' Pocketbook, 3rd Edition

Plant Pathologists' Pocketbook, 3rd Edition

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Plant Pathologists' Pocketbook, 3rd Edition

اطلس الغابات في الوطن العربي المجلد الثاني الوضع الراهن للغابات واهم الامراض التي تصيب الاشجار في المنطقة العربية -الطبعة الاولي -2010

اطلس الغابات في الوطن العربي المجلد الثاني الوضع الراهن للغابات واهم الامراض التي تصيب الاشجار  في المنطقة العربية -الطبعة الاولي -2010

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اطلس الغابات في الوطن العربي المجلد الثاني الوضع الراهن للغابات واهم الامراض التي تصيب الاشجار في المنطقة العربية -الطبعة الاولي -2010

أسس تقسيم الفطريات PRINCIPLES OF FUNGAL TAXONOMY

أسس تقسيم الفطريات PRINCIPLES OF FUNGAL TAXONOMY

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أسس تقسيم الفطريات PRINCIPLES OF FUNGAL TAXONOMY

الدليل الاسترشادى لانتاج التمور فى صعيد مصر

الدليل الاسترشادى لانتاج التمور فى صعيد مصر

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الدليل الاسترشادى لانتاج التمور فى صعيد مصر

كتاب الجبر والمقابلة لمحمد بن موسى الخوارزمى

كتاب الجبر والمقابلة لمحمد بن موسى الخوارزمى

مقدمة

تعنى الأمم بتراثها العلمى لانه نوع من الغذاء الروحى لعلمائها ومفكريها وسائر المتعلمين فيها. ولعلنا نحن المصريين اغنى الأمم تراثا فقد تعاقبت علينا حضارات مختلفة منذ فجر التاريخ الى اليوم، وفى كل حضارة منها قمنا بقسط وافر من واجبنا العلمى نحو الاسرة البشرية.

وليس يكفى ان نتحدث عن مجدنا العلمى كما لو كان اسطورة او حديث خرافة يتغنى به الشعراء ويتغالى في وصفه الخيال، بل يجب ان يظهر هذا المجد في صورة ملموسة تراها الاعين وتنالها الايدى. لذلك كان من المهم ان نعنى بنشر الكتب التي وضعها اباؤنا واجدادنا خصوصا اذا كانت هذه الكتب هامة الأثر في تكييف التفكير البشرى. ولا شك ان في مقدمة هذه الكتب كتاب الخوارزمى في الجبر والمقابلة.


دكتور على مصطفى مشرفة

دكتور محمد مرسى احمد


الجامعة المصرية - كلية العلوم 1937

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كتاب الجبر والمقابلة لمحمد بن موسى الخوارزمى